On the CO[Formula: see text] adsorption in a boron nitride analog for the recently synthesized biphenylene network: a DFT study.

CONTEXT: Recent advances in nanomaterial synthesis and characterization have led to exploring novel 2D materials. The biphenylene network (BPN) is a notable achievement in current fabrication efforts. Numerical studies have indicated the stability of its boron nitride counterpart, known as BN-BPN. In this study, we employ computational simulations to investigate the electronic and structural properties of pristine and doped BN-BPN monolayers upon CO[Formula: see text] adsorption. Our findings demonstrate that pristine BN-BPN layers exhibit moderate adsorption energies for CO[Formula: see text] molecules, approximately [Formula: see text]0.16 eV, indicating physisorption. However, introducing one-atom doping with silver, germanium, nickel, palladium, platinum, or silicon significantly enhances CO[Formula: see text] adsorption, leading to adsorption energies ranging from [Formula: see text]0.13 to [Formula: see text]0.65 eV. This enhancement indicates the presence of both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. BN-BPN does not show precise CO[Formula: see text] sensing and selectivity. Furthermore, our investigation of the recovery time for adsorbed CO[Formula: see text] molecules suggests that the interaction between BN-BPN and CO[Formula: see text] cannot modify the electronic properties of BN-BPN before the CO[Formula: see text] molecules escape. METHODS: We performed density functional theory (DFT) simulations using the DMol3 code in the Biovia Materials Studio software. We incorporated Van der Waals corrections (DFT-D) within the Grimme scheme for an accurate representation. The exchange and correlation functions were treated using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We used a double-zeta plus polarization (DZP) basis set to describe the electronic structure. Additionally, we accounted for the basis set superposition error (BSSE) through the counterpoise method. We included semicore DFT pseudopotentials to accurately model the interactions between the nuclei and valence electrons.

Optical switching a photon-avalanche-like mechanism in NdAl3(BO3)4 particles excited at 1064 nm by an auxiliary beam at 808 nm.

In recent years, an unconventional excitation of trivalent neodymium ions (N d 3+) at 1064 nm, not resonant with ground-state transitions, has been investigated with the unprecedented demonstration of a photon-avalanche-like (PA-like) mechanism, in which the temperature increase plays a fundamental role. As a proof-of-concept, N d A l 3(B O 3)4 particles were used. A consequence of the PA-like mechanism is the absorption enhancement of excitation photons providing light emission at a broad range covering the visible and near-infrared spectra. In the first study, the temperature increase was due to intrinsic nonradiative relaxations from the N d 3+ and the PA-like mechanism ensued at a given excitation power threshold (P t h ). Subsequently, an external heating source was used to trigger the PA-like mechanism while keeping the excitation power below P t h at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate the switching on of the PA-like mechanism by an auxiliary beam at 808 nm, which is in resonance with the N d 3+ ground-state transition 4 I 9/2→{4 F 5/2,2 H 9/2}. It comprises the first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstration of an optical switched PA, and the underlying physical mechanism is the additional heating of the particles due to the phonon emissions from the N d 3+ relaxation pathways when exciting at 808 nm. The present results have potential applications in controlled heating and remote temperature sensing.

Evaluation of parent bonding style and traumatic experiences in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about the etiology of schizophrenia (SQZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Both hereditary and environmental factors are recognized, but the importance of variables like the role of parental attachment and trauma is still under research. AIMS: Evaluate and compare the patient-parent bonding and the frequency and severity of various types of trauma in patients with SQZ, BD, and a control group from Primary Health Care. METHOD: This study included 50 patients with SQZ and 50 with BD followed at a psychiatric hospital, through a convenience sample. Each participant of the clinical sample was paired with a control with no psychiatric background of the same gender and similar age, from a primary health center. Two scales were applied - Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF). RESULTS: Regarding PBI, there was a higher frequency of the most dysfunctional attachment style (affectionless control), in patients with SQZ and BD, with p < .001 (always), both for the father and the mother. In addition, ideal parenting style (optimal parenting) was significantly more common in control samples, with p = .002 or <.001, both for the father and for the mother. Trauma was more frequent and severe in SQZ and BD than controls, in all evaluated dimensions. Again, differences between groups are obvious, with p = .012 or <.001. Parental bonding style and scores in the care and overprotection dimensions were also correlated. The only parental bonding style in which correlations were found was in affectionless control. Correlations were more common in cases of neglect compared to abuse. CONCLUSIONS: In this research we found important differences in terms of parental attachment and childhood trauma between patients with SQZ and BD, compared with controls of the same gender and age.

Lessons from the invasion front: Integration of research and management of the lionfish invasion in Brazil.

After successful invasions in the Caribbean and Mediterranean, lionfish (Pterois spp.) have recently invaded another important biogeographical region -the Brazilian Province. In this article, we discuss this new invasion, focusing on a roadmap for urgent mitigation of the problem, as well as focused research and management strategies. The invasion in Brazil is already in the consolidation stage, with 352 individuals recorded so far (2020-2023) along 2766 km of coastline. This includes both juveniles and adults, including egg-bearing females, ranging in length from 9.1 to 38.5 cm. Until now, most of the records in the Brazilian coast occurred in the equatorial southwestern Atlantic (99%), mainly on the Amazon mesophotic reefs (15% of the records), northeastern coast of Brazil (45%), and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (41%; an UNESCO World Heritage Site with high endemism rate). These records cover a broad depth range (1-110 m depth), twelve protected areas, eight Brazilian states (Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Pernambuco) and multiple habitats (i.e., mangrove estuaries, shallow-water and mesophotic reefs, seagrass beds, artificial reefs, and sandbanks), indicating a rapid and successful invasion process in Brazilian waters. In addition, the lack of local knowledge of rare and/or cryptic native species that are potentially vulnerable to lionfish predation raises concerns regarding the potential overlooked ecological impacts. Thus, we call for an urgent integrated approach with multiple stakeholders and solution-based ecological research, real-time inventories, update of environmental and fishery legislation, participatory monitoring supported by citizen science, and a national and unified plan aimed at decreasing the impact of lionfish invasion. The experience acquired by understanding the invasion process in the Caribbean and Mediterranean will help to establish and prioritize goals for Brazil.

Are there still endogenous and reactive depressions? Clinical notes from a refractory Cotard Syndrome with a de novo post-ECT dissociative episode

Cotard syndrome is a mysterious and severe disorder. Many therapeutic interventions are reported as potentially efficacious mostly when an underlying psychotic depression or melancholia is diagnosed. However, the classification of depression has long been a contentious issue. Even though the major guide for therapeutic choice is severity, the binary model between endogenous and reactive depression is still widely employed in clinical practice. These considerations impact most clearly in in-between presentations. The authors present the case of R., a 64 year old woman, who was admitted with a major depressive episode with psychotic features, captured as a Cotard-like syndrome. After a two-months inpatient period and apparent clinical remission with high dose antidepressants and antipsychotic combination, she displayed an acute worsening leading to a re-admission just a day after discharge. The management in this second admission was tortuous, due to SARS-CoV2 related contingencies, the refractoriness of the presentation and iatrogenic intercurrences. The authors expose the course and treatment options employed, while reflecting on the question endogenous v. reactive, concluding that even seemingly clear clinical presentations may resist our different conceptualizations. (AU)

El síndrome de Cotard es un trastorno misterioso y grave. Muchas intervenciones terapéuticas son reportadas como potencialmente eficaces, perincipalmente cuando se diagnostica depresión psicótica o melancolía subyacentes. Sin embargo, la clasificación de la depresión ha sido una cuestión contenciosa durante mucho tiempo. Aun cuando la mayor guía para la elección terapéutica es la gravedad, el modelo binario entre depresión endógena y reactiva sigue siendo ampliamente utilizado en la práctica clínica. Estas consideraciones repercuten claramente en las presentaciones intermedias. Los autores presentan el caso de R., una mujer de 64 años, que fue ingresada con episodio depresivo mayor con características psicóticas, plasmado como síndrome de tipo Cotard. Tras dos meses de periodo hospitalario, y remisión clínica aparente con altas dosis de antidepresivos y combinación antipsicótica, mostró empeoramiento agudo conducente a reingreso transcurrido un solo día desde el alta. El manejo en este segundo ingreso fue tortuoso, debido a las contingencias relacionadas con el SARS-CoV2, la refractariedad de la presentación y las intercurrencias iatrogénicas. Los autores exponen el curso y las opciones de tratamiento utilizadas, a la vez que reflexionan sobre la cuestión endógena frente a reactiva, concluyendo que incluso las presentaciones clínicas aparentemente claras pueden resistirse a nuestras diferentes conceptualizaciones. (AU)

Effect of Anadenanthera colubrina protease inhibitors as an antiinflamatory mediator.

This work aimed to obtain and characterize protease inhibitors from A. colubrina leaves and evaluate their potential as inflammatory mediator and cell viability. The protein extract was analyzed and characterized by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC-PDA, MALDI-TOF/MS and Zeta potential. Bioassays were conducted in order to evaluate the cell viability in RAW 264.7, in vitro (NO and TNF-α production inhibition) and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential, inhibition rate of trypsin and hemagglutination activity from protein extract. The results revealed the presence of bands at 14, 21 and 30 kDa in SDS-PAGE, the RP-HPLC-PDA analysis showed peaks at 12, 13, 28 and 40 minutes and MALDI-TOF/MS showed peaks with 3.4, 4.7, 5.6, 9.4 and 11.2 kDa. The protein extracts presented enzymatic activity inhibition of trypsin (IC50 59.2 µgmL-1), did not show any cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells, hemagglutination 8HU and insignificant reduction in NO and TNF-α production and reduced anti-inflammatory potential in vivo compared to dexamethasone.

Mapeamento do uso da caderneta de saúde da criança por pais e profissionais: um estudo descritivo / Mapping the use of the child health handbook by parents and professionals: a descriptive study / Mapeo del uso del manual de salud infantil por padres y profesionales: un estudio descriptivo

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos pais acerca da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança, mapear o preenchimento da Caderneta pelos profissionais e correlacionar o preenchimento da caderneta com a orientação dos pais pelos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, realizada num hospital universitário, através da aplicação de formulário com 22 pais ou responsáveis e análise através de tabelas, gráficos, estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: (77,3%) dos entrevistados alegaram não ter recebido orientação sobre a Caderneta, a maioria das cadernetas não apresentava registro no item de Índice de Massa Corporal tanto como a maioria apresentava preenchimento completo no item de registro de vacinas do calendário básico e as correlações não foram significativas, apresentando independência na maioria. Conclusão: evidenciou-se uma necessidade de orientação dos familiares tanto como capacitação dos profissionais que trabalham com a população infantil e não se verificou dependência entre a maioria das variáveis correlacionadas neste estudo

Objective:To identify parents' knowledge about the Child Health Handbook, map the completion of the booklet by professionals and correlate the completion of the booklet with the guidance of parents by health professionals. Methods: descriptive quantitative research, conducted in a university hospital, through the application of a form with 22 parents or guardians and analysis through tables, graphs, descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: (77.3%) of respondents claimed not to receive guidance on the Passbook, the majority of the handbooks had no record in the Body Mass Index item as much as most completed in the basic calendar vaccine record item and correlations were not significant, presenting independence in the majority. Conclusion: there was a need for guidance from family members as well as training of professionals working with the child population and there was no dependence between most of the correlated variables in this study

Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento de los padres sobre el Manual de Salud Infantil, mapear la finalización del folleto por profesionales y correlacionar la finalización del folleto con la orientación de los padres por parte de profesionales de la salud. Métodos: investigación cuantitativa descriptiva, realizada en un hospital universitario, mediante la aplicación de un formulario con 22 padres o tutores y análisis a través de tablas, gráficos, estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: El (77.3%) de los encuestados afirmaron no haber recibido orientación sobre el Manual, la mayoría de los manuales no tenían registros en el ítem del Índice de Masa Corporal tanto como la mayoría había completado en el ítem y las correlaciones del registro básico de la vacuna del calendario no fueron significativas, presentando independencia en la mayoría. Conclusión: era necesaria la orientación de los miembros de la familia, así como la capacitación de profesionales que trabajan con la población infantil y no hubo dependencia entre la mayoría de las variables correlacionadas en este estudio

Garrahan U-Stitch laparoscopic appendicovesicostomy - Making surgery easier.

Appendicovesicostomy is an established continent urinary conduit. The development of minimally invasive techniques and the reduction of operative time instigated the search for new techniques. In this video we show the laparoscopic transabdominal technique for appendicovesicostomy using U-stitch technique as proposed by Santiago Weller et al. We present a case of a teenager with neurogenic bladder and intolerance for urethral catheterization. The procedure was performed using a transperitoneal approach. The appendix was detached from the colon preserving its pedicle. The proximal appendix was spatulated and pulled through a hiatus created in the distal vesical mucosa into the bladder using a U-stitch, on a Shanfield fashion anastomosis in the anterior wall of the bladder. Detrusor was approximated over the appendix creating an antireflux mechanism. The tip of the appendix was brought out to the right iliac fossa and ostomy was fashioned. The operative time was 180 min. A Foley catheter was placed through the conduit. The case was done without any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Laparoscopic appendicovesicostomy with U-stitch technique is feasible and can be easily done in a short operative time in centers with expertise in laparoscopic surgeries with low complexity and high reproducibility.

Induction of selective liver hypothermia prevents significant ischemia/reperfusion injury in Wistar rats after 24 hours.

Purpose To investigate the effects of induction of selective liver hypothermia in a rodent model. Methods Seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 minutes of partial 70% liver ischemia and topic liver 26°C hypothermia (H group). Other seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 minutes of partial 70% normothermic liver ischemia (N group). Five additional rats underwent a midline incision and section of liver ligaments under normothermic conditions and without any liver ischemia (sham group). All animals were sacrificed 24-h after reperfusion, and livers were sampled for analyses. Pathology sections were scored for sinusoidal congestion, ballooning, hepatocelllular necrosis and the presence of neutrophilic infiltrates. Results At the end of the experiment, liver tissue expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-1ß, iNOS and TNF-ɑ/IL-10 ratio were significantly reduced in the H group compared to N group, whereas IL-10 and eNOS were significantly increased in H group. Histopathological injury scores revealed a significant decrease in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in H group. Conclusion Selective liver hypothermia prevented I/R injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines, preserves microcirculation, prevents hepatocellular necrosis and leukocyte infiltration, allowing maintenance of the liver architecture.

The first instrument for complex PTSD assessment: psychometric properties of the ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire

Objective: The ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was developed as a joint effort by researchers from several countries to evaluate post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and complex-PTSD (C-PTSD) symptoms. This study is part of a multi-center international collaborative research project that aims to provide psychometric support for this initial instrument in different languages, considering the specific contexts related to complex traumatization. This study verified the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the ITQ, evaluating symptoms beyond those described the existing literature. Methods: We examined the results of a convenience sample totaling 268 Portuguese and Angolan participants. Two instruments were applied: the ITQ, which evaluates symptoms resulting from a traumatic life event, and the Life Events Checklist (LEC), which evaluates stressful life events. The general characteristics of the scales are described, and reliability analysis and validity studies were performed. Results: Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.84 and 0.88, and the exploratory factorial analysis results were consistent with the concept of C-PTSD, with five components explaining 61.58% of scale variance. Conclusion: The results suggest good psychometric characteristics for the Portuguese version of the ITQ, and thus it can be included in protocols intended evaluating complex traumatic symptoms.

Evaluación del transporte crítico de pacientes: una revisión sistemática / Avaliação do transporte crítico de pacientes: uma revisão sistemática / Evaluation of critical transportation of patients: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: Evaluar, según la literatura, cuáles son los principales factores considerados facilitadores y/o agravantes en la realización del transporte de pacientes en estado crítico. MÉTODO: Este estudio se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada con el método PICO. RESULTADO: Los periódicos seleccionados comprendían un espacio temporal en los últimos diez años, donde 6 periódicos fueron elegibles, basado en los criterios establecidos. Los resultados relatan que los temas encontrados en esta revisión demuestran una alineación entre la práctica asistencial y la literatura, pero para que el transporte sea realizado sin eventos adversos, es necesario que haya unión entre la gestión y los profesionales involucrados. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque los hallazgos demuestren una gran preocupación en relación a la calidad en la asistencia y en la preparación del equipo, los autores creen que más estudios deben ser fomentados una vez que el trabajo en equipo, a pesar de ser complejo, es la clave para la realización de los procedimientos con efectividad

OBJETIVO: Avaliar segundo a literatura quais são os principais fatores que são considerados facilitadores e/ou agravantes na realização do transporte de pacientes em estado crítico. MÉTODO: Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada com método PICO. RESULTADO: Os periódicos selecionados compreendiam um espaço temporal nos últimos dez anos, onde 6 periódicos foram elegíveis, baseado nos critérios estabelecidos. Os resultados relatam que os temas encontrados nesta revisão demonstram um alinhamento entre a prática assistencial e a literatura, porém para que o transporte seja realizado sem eventos adversos, é necessário que haja união entre a gestão e os profissionais envolvidos. CONCLUSÃO: Embora os achados demonstrem uma grande preocupação em relação à qualidade na assistência e no preparo da equipe, os autores acreditam que mais estudos devem ser fomentados uma vez que o trabalho em equipe apesar de ser complexo, é a chave para a realização dos procedimentos com efetividade

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, according to the literature, the main factors considered facilitators and/or aggravating in the transportation of patients in critical condition. METHOD: This study is a systematic review performed using the PICO method. RESULTS: The selected journals comprised a time space in the last 10 years, with six journals eligible, based on the established criteria. The results report that the themes found in this review demonstrate an alignment between care practice and literature, but, for a transportation without adverse events, there must be a union between the management and the professionals involved. CONCLUSION: Although the findings demonstrate a great concern regarding the quality of care and team preparation, the authors believe that more studies should be encouraged since teamwork, despite being complex, is the key to performing the procedures with effectiveness

The first instrument for complex PTSD assessment: psychometric properties of the ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: The ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was developed as a joint effort by researchers from several countries to evaluate post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and complex-PTSD (C-PTSD) symptoms. This study is part of a multi-center international collaborative research project that aims to provide psychometric support for this initial instrument in different languages, considering the specific contexts related to complex traumatization. This study verified the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the ITQ, evaluating symptoms beyond those described the existing literature. METHODS: We examined the results of a convenience sample totaling 268 Portuguese and Angolan participants. Two instruments were applied: the ITQ, which evaluates symptoms resulting from a traumatic life event, and the Life Events Checklist (LEC), which evaluates stressful life events. The general characteristics of the scales are described, and reliability analysis and validity studies were performed. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.84 and 0.88, and the exploratory factorial analysis results were consistent with the concept of C-PTSD, with five components explaining 61.58% of scale variance. CONCLUSION: The results suggest good psychometric characteristics for the Portuguese version of the ITQ, and thus it can be included in protocols intended evaluating complex traumatic symptoms.

Morphometric Study of the Internal Globus Pallidus Using the Robert, Barnard, and Brown Staining Method.

BACKGROUND: The globus pallidus internus (Gpi) is a major target in functional neurosurgery. Anatomical studies are crucial for correct planning and good surgical outcomes in this region. The present study described the anatomical coordinates of the Gpi and its relationship with other brain structures and compared the findings with those from previous anatomical studies. METHODS: We obtained 35 coronal and 5 horizontal brain specimens from the Department of Anatomy and stained them using the Robert, Barnard, and Brown technique. After excluding defective samples, 60 nuclei were analyzed by assessing their distances to the anatomical references and the trajectories to these nuclei. RESULTS: The barycenter of the Gpi was identified at the level of the mammillary bodies and 1 cm above the intercommissural plane. Thereafter, the distances to other structures were found. The mean ± standard deviation distance was 15.62 ± 2.66 mm to the wall of the third ventricle and 17.02 ± 2.69 mm to its midline, 4.74 ± 1.12 mm to the optic tract, 2.51 ± 0.8 mm and 13.56 ± 2 mm to the internal and external capsule, and 21.3 ± 2.44 mm to the insular cortex. The cortical point of entry should be located 22.03 ± 4.34 mm to 48.74 ± 4.44 mm from the midline. CONCLUSION: The Gpi has less variability in distance to closer anatomical references, such as the optic tract and internal capsule. Distant locations showed a more inhomogeneous pattern. Anatomical studies such as ours are important for the development of new therapeutic approaches and can be used as a basis for new research involving volumetric and specific group analyses.

Application of Cold Wire Gas Metal Arc Welding for Narrow Gap Welding (Ngw) of High Strength Low Alloy Steel.

Narrow gap welding is a prevalent technique used to decrease the volume of molten metal and heat required to fill a joint. Consequently, deleterious effects such as distortion and residual stresses may be reduced. One of the fields where narrow groove welding is most employed is pipeline welding where misalignment, productivity and mechanical properties are critical to a successful final assemblage of pipes. This work reports the feasibility of joining pipe sections with 4 mm-wide narrow gaps machined from API X80 linepipe using cold wire gas metal arc welding. Joints were manufactured using the standard gas metal arc welding and the cold wire gas metal arc welding processes, where high speed imaging, and voltage and current monitoring were used to study the arc dynamic features. Standard metallographic procedures were used to study sidewall penetration, and the evolution of the heat affected zone during welding. It was found that cold wire injection stabilizes the arc wandering, decreasing sidewall penetration while almost doubling deposition. However, this also decreases penetration, and incomplete penetration was found in the cold wire specimens as a drawback. However, adjusting the groove geometry or changing the welding parameters would resolve this penetration issue.

Morphometric Analysis of the Nucleus Accumbens Using the Mulligan Staining Method.

BACKGROUND: There is a need to further anatomically describe the nucleus accumbens (NA), as there is a growing neurosurgical interest in this locus but a limited understanding of its structure. In this study, we evaluated quantitative NA parameters and spatial relationships with adjacent structures found in the telencephalon. METHODS: A total of 155 NA specimens from coronal sections and 3 NA specimens from transverse sections were stained using the Mulligan technique as modified by Barnard et al. The distance from the NA to other structures was then measured. RESULTS: The mean radius of the 155 NAs in the coronal sections was 6.23 ± 0.964 mm, averaging 8.99 ± 2.02 mm from midline (coordinate x), 27.09 ± 3.15 mm from the insula, 12.95 ± 3.21 mm from the outer border of the putamen, 10.52 ± 2.66 mm from the upper border of the caudate, and 8.84 ± 2.93 mm from the midline of the lateral ventricle. The mean distance from the NA center of gravity to the middle of the intercommissural line parallel to the midline (coordinate y) was 17.08 ±3.61 mm, and the mean vertical distance from the intercommissural line to the NA was 8.12 ± 1.265 mm. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained the stereotactic coordinates of (x, y, z) = (8, 17, -8) for the NA. From this and other delineations of the described position of the NA, it is possible to contribute to stereotactic surgical atlases, improving neurosurgical interventions in this structure.

Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning and topical hypothermia in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether combining hypothermia and remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) results in protection from ischemia-reperfusion (IR). METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats underwent right nephrectomy and were randomly assigned to four experimental protocols on the left kidney: warm ischemia (group 1), cold ischemia (group 2), RIPC followed by warm ischemia (group 3), and RIPC followed by cold ischemia (group 4). After 240 minutes of reperfusion, histological changes in the left kidney, as well as lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity, were analyzed. The right kidney was used as the control. Serum creatinine was collected before and after the procedures. RESULTS: RIPC combined with hypothermia during IR experiments revealed no differences on interventional groups regarding histological changes (p=0.722). Oxidative stress showed no significant variations among the groups. Lower serum creatinine at the end of the procedure was seen in animals exposed to hypothermia (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Combination of RIPC and local hypothermia provides no renal protection in IR injury. Hypothermia preserves renal function during ischemic events. Furthermore, RIPC followed by warm IR did not show benefits compared to warm IR alone or controls in our experimental protocol.

Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning and topical hypothermia in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether combining hypothermia and remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) results in protection from ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats underwent right nephrectomy and were randomly assigned to four experimental protocols on the left kidney: warm ischemia (group 1), cold ischemia (group 2), RIPC followed by warm ischemia (group 3), and RIPC followed by cold ischemia (group 4). After 240 minutes of reperfusion, histological changes in the left kidney, as well as lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity, were analyzed. The right kidney was used as the control. Serum creatinine was collected before and after the procedures. Results: RIPC combined with hypothermia during IR experiments revealed no differences on interventional groups regarding histological changes (p=0.722). Oxidative stress showed no significant variations among the groups. Lower serum creatinine at the end of the procedure was seen in animals exposed to hypothermia (p<0.001). Conclusions: Combination of RIPC and local hypothermia provides no renal protection in IR injury. Hypothermia preserves renal function during ischemic events. Furthermore, RIPC followed by warm IR did not show benefits compared to warm IR alone or controls in our experimental protocol.

Combined effects of melatonin and topical hypothermia on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether their combination was more effective than either alone in decreasing renal damage due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups. Following right nephrectomy, their left kidneys were subjected to warm ischemia (IR), cold ischemia (TH+IR), intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin (MEL+IR), or injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin followed by cold ischemia (MEL+TH+IR). Eight randomly assigned right kidneys constituted the control group. After 240 min of reperfusion, left nephrectomy was performed for histopathological evaluation, lipid peroxidation, and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activity. Serum was collected to measure urea and creatinine concentrations. RESULTS: Histopathological damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion was more attenuated in the MEL+TH+IR group than in the MEL+IR and TH+IR groups (p<0.037). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher (p<0.029) and creatinine (p<0.001) and urea (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly lower in the MEL+TH+IR group than in the MEL+IR and TH+IR groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of melatonin (MEL) and topical hypothermia (TH) better protects against renal I/R injury than does MEL or TH alone.

Combined effects of melatonin and topical hypothermia on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether their combination was more effective than either alone in decreasing renal damage due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups. Following right nephrectomy, their left kidneys were subjected to warm ischemia (IR), cold ischemia (TH+IR), intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin (MEL+IR), or injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin followed by cold ischemia (MEL+TH+IR). Eight randomly assigned right kidneys constituted the control group. After 240 min of reperfusion, left nephrectomy was performed for histopathological evaluation, lipid peroxidation, and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activity. Serum was collected to measure urea and creatinine concentrations. Results: Histopathological damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion was more attenuated in the MEL+TH+IR group than in the MEL+IR and TH+IR groups (p<0.037). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher (p<0.029) and creatinine (p<0.001) and urea (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly lower in the MEL+TH+IR group than in the MEL+IR and TH+IR groups. Conclusion: The combination of melatonin (MEL) and topical hypothermia (TH) better protects against renal I/R injury than does MEL or TH alone.